{"id":297,"date":"2015-01-28T08:34:04","date_gmt":"2015-01-28T07:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.unicorn.fi\/terapi\/the-advantages-of-gestalt-therapy\/"},"modified":"2024-03-10T14:26:20","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T14:26:20","slug":"the-advantages-of-gestalt-therapy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/unicorn.fi\/terapi\/sv\/the-advantages-of-gestalt-therapy\/","title":{"rendered":"5. Gestaltterapins f\u00f6retr\u00e4den"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gestaltterapins f\u00f6retr\u00e4den<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n


Gestaltterapin utm\u00e4rker sig genom sina m\u00e5ngfasetterade tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt och behandlingsm\u00f6jligheter. M\u00e5nga av de andra terapiformerna har arbetss\u00e4tt som i f\u00f6rv\u00e4g delvis \u00e4r fastslagna. De fokuserar p\u00e5 och arbetar med best\u00e4mda funktioner hos en m\u00e4nniska, till exempel beteende och reaktionsm\u00f6nster, varandet i den egna kroppen, avslappning, \u201dbotandet av \u00e5ngest\u201d, \u201dpositivt t\u00e4nkande\u201d etc.

Holismen<\/strong>

I den gestaltterapeutiska teorin uppfattas m\u00e4nniskan som en helhet och d\u00e4rf\u00f6r beaktas st\u00e4ndigt hela m\u00e4nniskan i det praktiska arbetet, allt vad hon \u00e4r och inneh\u00e5ller. Det arbetas b\u00e5de p\u00e5 intellektuell, k\u00e4nslom\u00e4ssig och fysisk niv\u00e5, och klientens fantasi tas ofta i anv\u00e4ndning. Arbetss\u00e4ttet \u00e4r process- och upplevelsesorienterat, och fokuserar hela tiden p\u00e5 vad som \u00e4r viktigast f\u00f6r klienten just nu. Klienten erbjuds m\u00f6jlighet att st\u00e4ndigt \u00f6ka medvetenheten om sig sj\u00e4lv, sina resurser och sin f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att hantera problem.

Inte bara symptombehandling<\/strong>

I ett gestaltterapeutiskt arbetsf\u00f6rlopp behandlar man inte bara symptom, s\u00e5 att de \u00e4ndras eller elimineras. I st\u00e4llet unders\u00f6ker terapeuten och klienten tillsammans vad symptomen egentligen \u00e4r symptom p\u00e5 \u2013 d.v.s. vad som ligger till grund f\u00f6r dem. Det kan t.ex. visa sig vara ett problem som klienten varit omedveten om eller inte vetat hur han skulle handskas med, en gammal r\u00e4dsla, en oavslutad konflikt etc. N\u00e4r det v\u00e4l \u00e4r avklarat vad det egentliga problemet \u00e4r, jobbar man med det. N\u00e4r man arbetar med problemet i st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r symptomet, bearbetar man allts\u00e5 bakgrunden till symptomet, varvid ocks\u00e5 sj\u00e4lva symptomet f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras eller f\u00f6rsvinner. F\u00f6rdelen med att arbeta med problem ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r symptom \u00e4r att klienten inte bara efter en tid utvecklar nya symptom, eller att de gamla gradvis kommer tillbaka. I st\u00e4llet frig\u00f6rs energi hos klienten efterhand som arbetet framskrider. S\u00e5lunda kan han hitta nya s\u00e4tt att f\u00f6rh\u00e5lla sig till problemet och hantera det.

Gestaltterapins m\u00e4nniskosyn<\/strong>

Den danska psykologen och gestaltterapeuten Hanne Hostrup beskriver hur gestaltterapins upphovsman Fritz Perls i sin utveckling av gestaltterapin gjorde uppror mot den klassiska psykoanalysens fastl\u00e5sta syn p\u00e5 m\u00e4nniskan som f\u00f6rutbest\u00e4mbar. Perls uppfattade och f\u00f6rh\u00f6ll sig till m\u00e4nniskan som ett dynamiskt v\u00e4sen, alltid ansvarigt f\u00f6r sitt liv: en sj\u00e4lvreglerande organism, som med hj\u00e4lp av sin medf\u00f6dda f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga till uppm\u00e4rksamhet gentemot sina egna behov och villkor \u00e4r skapad till att \u00f6verleva och trivas i meningsfull kontakt med sin omgivning. Han fj\u00e4rmade sig mer och mer fr\u00e5n antagandet att psyket \"ser ut\" p\u00e5 ett best\u00e4mt s\u00e4tt, och allts\u00e5 d\u00e4rmed skulle vara f\u00f6ruts\u00e4gbart, och blev i st\u00e4llet intresserad av id\u00e9er som var holistiskt och biologiskt inspirerade. M\u00e4nniskan (organismen) \u00e4r skapad till att fungera och utvecklas i samspel med sin omv\u00e4rld, och det \u00e4r detta samspel som vi kan unders\u00f6ka och ingripa i.

F\u00f6rst\u00e5elsen ligger i upplevelsen<\/strong>

Perls metod att unders\u00f6ka p\u00e5 vilket s\u00e4tt samspelet fungerar var fenomenologisk. Denna vetenskapliga metod frig\u00f6r sig fr\u00e5n f\u00f6rutfattade st\u00e5ndpunkter, dogmer och teorier. Den arbetar utifr\u00e5n en hypotes om att f\u00f6rst\u00e5elsen ligger i sj\u00e4lva upplevelsen av fenomenen s\u00e5dana som de visar sig i m\u00e4nniskans m\u00f6te med v\u00e4rlden. Den unders\u00f6ker och beskriver dessa fenomen utan att pr\u00f6va p\u00e5 att finna orsaker och f\u00f6rklaringar till dem; det som visar sig \u00e4r sant. Dessa tankar kommer inte fr\u00e5n Perls eget nyt\u00e4nkande, men var inspirerade av hans utbildning och verksamhet som psykiater och analytiker, och av hans m\u00f6te med fenomenologin, gestaltpsykologin och existentialismen.

Text och illustration: Tine Sylvest
Foto: Bo Mellberg
<\/em>
Skribenten \u00e4r psykoterapeut MPF, konstterapeut och arbetshandledare. Hon \u00e4r danska och bor och arbetar i Vasa<\/em>

N\u00e4sta sida : Tv\u00e5 viktiga begreppspar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The advantages of Gestalt therapy Gestalt therapy excels by its multifaceted and flexible methods and treatment possibilities. Many of the other forms of therapy around have predetermined methods partially established in advance. These focus on working with certain human functions, for example behavior and reaction patterns, being in one\u2019s own body, relaxation, \u201ccuring anxiety\u201d, \u201cpositive […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-297","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"therpaimport","author_link":"https:\/\/unicorn.fi\/terapi\/sv\/author\/therpaimport\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"The advantages of Gestalt therapy Gestalt therapy excels by its multifaceted and flexible methods and treatment possibilities. Many of the other forms of therapy around have predetermined methods partially established in advance. 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